PRODUCCIÓN Y BIOSÍNTESIS DE FIBRAS VEGETALES. UNA REVISIÓN
Palabras clave:
celulosa, pared celular, microfibrillas, celulosa sintasa, hemicelulosa.Resumen
Las fibras vegetales son estructuras celulares conformadas por diferentes polímeros de celulosa, hemicelulosa, pectina y lignina, importantes a nivel mundial en el proceso textil, alimentario e industrial. Esta revisión recopila extensos estudios que se han realizado en torno al desarrollo de las fibras, clasificación, tipos, y, en especial, de características estructurales y morfológicas de la celulosa, tales como la conformación de la cadena, la polaridad, la asociación, la cristalidad y, de igual manera, la estructura y organización de las microfibrillas dentro de su estructura celular, las cuales dan a conocer la importancia y relevancia que tienen las fibras como productos o subproductos de las plantas en el desarrollo diario de las actividades que hace el hombre; además, se aborda la producción de algunos cultivos de fibras como el algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.), el lino (Linum usitatissimum L.), el kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) y el fique (Furcraea spp). De tal manera, que el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una recopilación sobre las fibras vegetales y su producción, biosíntesis y estructura, partiendo de la celulosa.
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